Package: emmeans 2.0.3

Julia Piaskowski

emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means

Obtain estimated marginal means (EMMs) for many linear, generalized linear, and mixed models. Compute contrasts or linear functions of EMMs, trends, and comparisons of slopes. Plots and other displays. Least-squares means are discussed, and the term "estimated marginal means" is suggested, in Searle, Speed, and Milliken (1980) Population marginal means in the linear model: An alternative to least squares means, The American Statistician 34(4), 216-221 <doi:10.1080/00031305.1980.10483031>.

Authors:Russell V. Lenth [aut, cph], Julia Piaskowski [cre, aut], Balazs Banfai [ctb], Ben Bolker [ctb], Paul Buerkner [ctb], Iago Giné-Vázquez [ctb], Maxime Hervé [ctb], Maarten Jung [ctb], Jonathon Love [ctb], Fernando Miguez [ctb], Hannes Riebl [ctb], Henrik Singmann [ctb], Alexis Derumigny [ctb]

emmeans_2.0.3.tar.gz
emmeans_2.0.3.zip(r-4.7)emmeans_2.0.3.zip(r-4.6)emmeans_2.0.3.zip(r-4.5)
emmeans_2.0.3.tgz(r-4.6-any)emmeans_2.0.3.tgz(r-4.5-any)
emmeans_2.0.3.tar.gz(r-4.7-any)emmeans_2.0.3.tar.gz(r-4.6-any)
emmeans_2.0.3.tgz(r-4.6-emscripten)
manual.pdf |manual.html✨
card.svg |card.png
emmeans/json (API)
NEWS

# Install 'emmeans' in R:
install.packages('emmeans', repos = c('https://rvlenth.r-universe.dev', 'https://cloud.r-project.org'))

Bug tracker:https://github.com/rvlenth/emmeans/issues

Pkgdown/docs site:https://rvlenth.github.io

Datasets:

On CRAN:

Conda:

19.34 score 418 stars 217 packages 19k scripts 184k downloads 1.0k mentions 84 exports 4 dependencies

Last updated from:8c147297ed. Checks:9 OK. Indexed: yes.

TargetResultTimeFilesSyslog
linux-devel-x86_64OK261
source / vignettesOK362
linux-release-x86_64OK388
macos-release-arm64OK157
macos-oldrel-arm64OK181
windows-develOK170
windows-releaseOK178
windows-oldrelOK170
wasm-releaseOK193

Exports:.all.vars.aovlist.dffun.cmpMM.combine.terms.diag.emm_register.emm_vignette.get.excl.get.offset.hurdle.support.my.vcov.num.key.std.link.labels.zi.supportadd_groupingadd_submodelsas.emm_listas.emmGridas.glhtas.mcmc.emm_listas.mcmc.emmGridas.mcmc.list.emm_listas.mcmc.list.emmGridcomb_facsconsec.emmccontrastdel.eff.emmcdunnett.emmceff_sizeeff.emmcemmemm_basisemm_defaultsemm_exampleemm_optionsemmeansemmipemmip_ggplotemmip_latticeemmobjemtrendsforce_regularget_emm_optionget.lsm.optionhelmert.emmchpd.summaryidentity.emmcinversejoint_testslinfctlsmlsm.optionslsmeanslsmiplsmobjlstrendsmake.meanintmake.symmintmake.tranmean_chg.emmcmeanintmvcontrastmvregridnrmlz.emmcopoly.emmcpairwise.emmcpermute_levelspoly.emmcpwpmpwppqdrgrecover_dataref_gridregridrevpairwise.emmcsplit_facsymminttesttrt.vs.ctrl.emmctrt.vs.ctrl1.emmctrt.vs.ctrlk.emmctukey.emmcwith_emm_optionswtcon.emmc

Dependencies:estimabilitymvtnormnumDerivrlang

Quick start guide for emmeans

emmeans package, Version r packageVersion('emmeans')

Rendered fromAQuickStart.Rmdusingknitr::rmarkdownon Jun 17 2026.

Last update: 2026-03-30
Started: 2023-01-16

Basics of estimated marginal means

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Last update: 2024-12-18
Started: 2017-09-30

Comparisons and contrasts in emmeans

emmeans package, Version r packageVersion('emmeans')

Rendered fromcomparisons.Rmdusingknitr::rmarkdownon Jun 17 2026.

Last update: 2025-04-10
Started: 2017-09-30

Confidence intervals and tests in emmeans

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Explanations supplement

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FAQs for emmeans

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For developers: Extending emmeans

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Index of vignette topics

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Last update: 2026-02-27
Started: 2018-04-07

Interaction analysis in emmeans

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Models supported by emmeans

emmeans package, Version r packageVersion('emmeans')

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Started: 2017-09-30

Prediction in emmeans

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Started: 2019-06-06

Re-engineering CLDs

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Last update: 2026-03-30
Started: 2022-10-17

Sophisticated models in emmeans

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Transformations and link functions in emmeans

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Utilities and options for emmeans

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Working with messy data

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Readme and manuals

Help Manual

Help pageTopics
Estimated marginal means (aka Least-squares means)emmeans-package
Convert to and from 'emmGrid' objectsas.emmGrid as.emm_list as.list.emmGrid
Support for MCMC-based estimationas.mcmc.emmGrid as.mcmc.emm_list as.mcmc.list.emmGrid as.mcmc.list.emm_list mcmc-support
Auto Pollution Filter Noiseauto.noise
Compact letter displayscld.emmGrid cld.emm_list
Manipulate factors in a reference gridadd_grouping add_submodels comb_facs permute_levels split_fac
Contrasts and linear functions of EMMscoef.emmGrid contrast contrast.emmGrid pairs.emmGrid weights.emmGrid
Contrast familiesconsec.emmc contrast-methods del.eff.emmc dunnett.emmc eff.emmc emmc-functions helmert.emmc identity.emmc mean_chg.emmc nrmlz.emmc opoly.emmc pairwise.emmc poly.emmc revpairwise.emmc trt.vs.ctrl.emmc trt.vs.ctrl1.emmc trt.vs.ctrlk.emmc tukey.emmc wtcon.emmc
Calculate Cohen effect sizes and confidence bounds thereofeff_size
Support for 'multcomp::glht'as.glht as.glht.emmGrid emm glht-support glht.emmGrid glht.emmlf modelparm.emmwrap
Run or list additional examplesemm_example
The 'emm_list' classas.data.frame.emm_list as.data.frame.summary_eml coef.emm_list confint.emm_list contrast.emm_list emm_list linfct.emm_list pairs.emm_list plot.emm_list print.emm_list str.emm_list summary.emm_list test.emm_list
Set or change emmeans optionsemm_defaults emm_options get_emm_option with_emm_options
Estimated marginal means (Least-squares means)emmeans
The 'emmGrid' classemmGrid-class
Interaction-style plots for estimated marginal meansemmip emmip.default emmip_ggplot emmip_lattice
Construct an 'emmGrid' object from scratchemmobj
Estimated marginal means of linear trendsemtrends
Support functions for model extensions.all.vars .aovlist.dffun .cmpMM .combine.terms .diag .emm_register .emm_vignette .get.excl .get.offset .hurdle.support .my.vcov .num.key .std.link.labels .zi.support emm_basis extending-emmeans recover_data recover_data.call
Feedlot datafeedlot
Fiber datafiber
Summarize an emmGrid from a Bayesian modelhpd.summary
Compute joint tests of the terms in a modeljoint_tests make.meanint make.symmint meanint symmint
Wrappers for alternative naming of EMMsget.lsm.option lsm lsm.options lsmeans lsmip lsmobj lstrends wrappers
Response-transformation extensionsinverse make.tran
Oats data in multivariate formMOats
Models supported in 'emmeans'models
Multivariate contrastsmvcontrast
Multivariate regriddingmvregrid
Neuralgia dataneuralgia
Nutrition datanutrition
Sales of orangesoranges
Effects of dietary protein on free plasma leucine concentration in pigspigs
Plot an 'emmGrid' or 'summary_emm' objectplot.emmGrid plot.summary_emm
Pairwise P-value matrix (plus other statistics)pwpm
Pairwise P-value plotpwpp
Quick and dirty reference gridqdrg qdrg.default
Combine or subset 'emmGrid' objects+.emmGrid force_regular head.emmGrid rbind.emmGrid rbind.emm_list rbind.summary_emm subset.emmGrid tail.emmGrid [.emmGrid
Create a reference grid from a fitted modelref_grid
Reconstruct a reference grid with a new transformation or simulationsregrid
Miscellaneous methods for 'emmGrid' objectslinfct linfct.default print.emmGrid str.emmGrid vcov.emmGrid
Summaries, predictions, intervals, and tests for 'emmGrid' objectsas.data.frame.emmGrid confint.emmGrid predict.emmGrid summary.emmGrid test test.emmGrid [.summary_emm
Unbalanced datasetubds
Dare to be un-"tidy"!untidy
Update an 'emmGrid' objectlevels<-.emmGrid update.emmGrid update.summary_emm
Using 'xtable' for EMMsprint.xtable_emm xtable.emmGrid xtable.summary_emm